Translational Research In autoimmune & Autoinflammatory Diseases 3 (TRIAD 3)
Study code
NBR225
Lead researcher
Dr Frank Sen Hee Tay
Study type
Samples and data
Institution or company
University of Cambridge
Researcher type
Academic
Speciality area
Gastroenterology
Summary
Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory condition of the digestive system associated with stomach pain, diarrhoea, weight loss and fatigue that affects around 0.5% of the population globally. While it’s exact cause is unclear it is believed to result from a combination of genetics, immune system dysfunction and environmental triggers.
The occurrence of Crohn’s disease differs across ethnicities; being more prevalent in individuals of European ancestry compared to individuals of Asian descent. However, incidence rates are rising globally suggesting a complex interplay between genetic factors and the environment in the development of Crohn’s disease across diverse populations.
Epigenetics is the study of how environmental factors can cause changes that affect the way our genes function. Recent large studies have revealed that certain genetic markers are linked to Crohn’s disease in specific populations.
This research proposal aims to investigate whether the genetic markers associated with Crohn’s disease in specific populations have unique epigenetic marks; and if so, whether these epigenetic marks play a role in the development of Crohn’s disease in Europeans but not East Asians, and vice versa
Potential benefit to patients
Understanding the nature of ethnic differences in susceptibility to Crohn's disease can positively impact patient care by enabling more personalised treatment. Different populations may respond differently to specific medications or therapies, allowing healthcare providers to tailor treatment plans based on a patient's ethnic background. In addition, it may guide the development of new drugs and therapies that are more effective for specific ethnic groups.
Moreover, identifying and addressing ethnic disparities in Crohn's disease susceptibility may contribute to reducing health inequities by promoting fairer access to healthcare resources and interventions for all individuals; regardless of their ethnic background. For example, several pharmaceutical companies are currently developing new medicines targeting TNFSF15 (an ethnic-specific inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility gene) for the treatment of IBD.
The results of this study may point towards greater benefit of this approach for East Asian Crohn's disease patients compared to those of European descent.